En 378-1 free download

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPEENNEEUROPAISCHE NORM

ICS ; ;

EN

June

English version

Supersedes EN

Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety andenvironmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements,

definitions, classification and selection criteria

Systsmes de nHrigeration et pampes achaleur - Exigencesde securtte at d'environnement ~ Partie 1 : Exigences de

base, definitions. classification et criteres de choix

Kalteanlagen und Warmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnischeund umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil1 :

Grundlagende Anforderungen. Definitionen, Kassifikationenund Auswahlkriterien

.()This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 November

CEN members are bound to comply with the CENlCENElEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offidalversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark. Finland. France, Germany, www.cronistalascolonias.com.ard, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden. Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITIEE FOR STANDARDlZAnONCOMITE EUROPE EN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B Brussels

CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN EO

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Contents

Page

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Foreword

Foreword .Introduction .1 Scope Normative references .3 Definitions .4 Basic Requirements Classification Selection of refrigerants Selection of cooling or heating systems Annex A (informative) Equivalent terms in English, French and GermanAnnex B (informative) Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) Annex C (informative) Location of refrigerating systems .Annex D (informative) Protection of people ho are inside cold roomsAnnex E (informative) Informalion about refrigerants Annex F (informative) Risk assessment Annex G (informative) Bibliography Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing

essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives

An~v

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This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENfTC "Refrigerating systems, safetyand environmental requirements", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard supersedes EN

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by December , and confiicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby December

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.

NOTE 1: It should be noted that this standard at the time of publication does not satisfy all essential safetyrequirements of the Direclive 97/EC.

NOTE 2: This European Standard had also been proposed for inclusion in the mandate under the EU Direc-tive 89/EEC (Machinery Direclive). As the mandate has been given after the Standard had been acceptedby the Technical Committee for submission to formal vote and in order not to further delay its publication, itwill be reviewed within the context of the latest version of the Machinery Directive directly after the publicalion.

This EN is part of a standard consisting of a series of the following parts:

Part 1 Basic requirements, definitions, classificalion and selection criteria

Part 2 Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation

Part 3 Installation site and personal protection

Part 4 Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery

For the 6-month enquiry, the draft standard was issued in 13 parts. After the discussion of the comments receivedduring the enquiry it was decided to rearrange the content of 12 parts and to publish the final standard in the above4 parts. The remaining part 13 will be published as a separate standard.

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The annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G and ZA of this European Standard are informative.

According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Rnland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction

This European Standard relates to safety and environmental requirements in the design, construction, manufacture,installation, operation, maintenance and disposal of refrigerating systems and appliances in respect to the iocal andglobal environments, but not to the final destruction of the refrigerants.

The term "refrigerating system" used in this standard includes heat pumps.

It is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property and the environment from refrigerating systems andrefrigerants. These hazards are associated essentially with the physical and chemical characteristics of refrigerantsas weli as the pressures and temperatures occurring in refrigeration cycies.

Inadequate precautions may result in:

- rupture of a part or even an explosion, with risk from projected materials;

- escape of refrigerant due to a fracture, www.cronistalascolonias.com.are caused by bad design, incorrect operation, and inadequatemaintenance, repair, charging or disposal;

- buming or explosion of escaping refrigerant with consequent risk of fire.

Refrigerants, their mixtures and combinations with oils, water or other materials, which are present in the refrigerat-ing system,intended or unintended, affect the intemal surrounding materials chemically and physically for exampledue to pressure and temperature. They can, if they have detrimental properties, endanger persons, property and theenvironment directly or indirectly due to global longterm effects (ODP,GWP) when escaping from the refrigeratingsystem. The specifications of such refrigerants, mixtures and combinations are given in other standards and are notincluded in this standard.

Hazards due to the states of pressure and temperature in refrigerating systems are essentially due to the simulta-neous presence of the liquid and vapour phases. Furthermore, the state of the refrigerant and the stresses that itexerts on the various components do not depend solely on the processes and functions inside the plant, but alsofrom extemal causes.

The following hazards are worthy of note:

a) from the direct effect of low temperature, for example:

- brittleness of materials at low temperatures;- freezing of enclosed liquid (water, brine or similar);- thermal stresses;- changes of volume due to temperature changes;- injurious effects to persons caused by low temperatures;

b) from excessive pressure due to, for example:

- increase in the pressure of condensation, caused by inadequate cooling or the partial pressure ofnoncondensable gases or an accumulation of oil or liquid refrigerant;- increase in the pressure of saturated vapour due to excessive external heating, for example of a liquidcooler, or when defrosting an air cooler or high ambient temperature when the plant is at a standstill;- expansion of liquid refrigerant in a closed space without the presence of vapour, caused by a rise inexternal temperature;- fire;

c) from the direct effect of the liquid phase, for example:

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- excessive charge or flooding of equipment;- presence of liquid in compressors, caused by syphoning, or condensation in the compressor;- liquid hammer in piping;- loss of lubrication due to emulsification of oil;

d) from the escape of refrigerants, for example:

- fire;- explosion;- toxicity;- caustic effects;- freezing of skin;- asphyxiation;- panic;- depletion of the ozone layer;- global warming;

e) from the moving parts of machinery, for example:

- injuries;- hearing loss from excessive noise;- damage due to vibration:

Attention is drawn to hazards common to all compression systems, such as excessive temperature at discharge,liquid slugging, erroneous operation or reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermalstress, liquid hammer or vibration.

Corrosion, however, should have special consideration as conditions peculiar to refrigerating systems arise due toaltemate frosting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation.

The above analysis of the hazards applying to refrigerating systems explains the plan on which this EuropeanStandard has been based.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to safety of persons and property, but not goodsin storage, and the l