Download jdk 1.8 windows 10

The Java Development Kit (JDK), officially named "Java Platform Standard Edition" or ", is needed for writing Java programs. The JDK is freely available from Sun Microsystems (now part of Oracle). The mother site for JDK (Java SE) is www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar

"JDK" or "JRE"?

JRE (Java Runtime) is needed for running Java programs. JDK (Java Development Kit), which includes JRE plus the development tools (such as compiler and debugger), is need for writing as well as running Java programs. In other words, JRE is a subset of JDK. Since you are supposed to write Java Programs, you should install JDK, which includes JRE.

JDK Versions

Reference: "Java Version History" @ www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar

1. JDK Alpha and Beta (): Sun Microsystem announced Java in September 23,
2. JDK (January ): Originally called Oak (named after the oak tree outside James Gosling's office). Renamed to Java 1 in JDK
3. JDK (February ): Introduced AWT event model, inner class, JavaBean, JDBC, and RMI.
4. J2SE (JDK ) (December ): Re-branded as "Java 2" and renamed JDK to J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition). Also released J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition). Included JFC (Java Foundation Classes - Swing, Accessibility API, Java 2D, Pluggable Look & Feel, and Drag & Drop). Also introduced Collection Framework and JIT compiler.
5. J2SE (JDK ) (May ): Introduced Hotspot JVM.
6. J2SE (JDK ) (February ): Introduced statement, non-blocking IO (), logging API, image IO, Java webstart, regular expression (regex) support.
7. J2SE (JDK 5) (September ): Officially called instead of (by dropping the 1.). Introduced generics, autoboxing/unboxing, annotation, enum, varargs, for-each loop, static import. See "JDK 5 New Features".
8. Java SE 6 (JDK 6) (December ): Renamed J2SE to Java SE (Java Platform Standard Edition). No new language features. See "JDK 6 New Features".
9. Java SE 7 (JDK 7) (July ): First version after Oracle purchased Sun Microsystem - aslo called OracleJDK. Introduced Strings in statement, Binary integer literals, allowing underscores in numeric literals, improved type inference for generic instance creation (or diamond operator ), Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking. See "JDK 7 New Features".
10. Java SE 8 (JDK 8) (LTS) (March ): Included support for Lambda expressions, default and static methods in interfaces, improved collection, and JavaScript runtime. Also integrated JavaFX graphics subsystem. See "JDK 8 New Features".
11. Java SE 9 (JDK 9) (September 21, ): Introduced modularization of the JDK () under project Jigsaw, the Java Shell (), and more. See "JDK 9 New Features".
12. Java SE 10 () (JDK 10) (March ): Introduced for type inference local variable (similar to JavaScript). Introduced time-based release versioning with two releases each year, in March and September, denoted as Removed native-header generation tool . See "JDK 10 New Features".
13. Java SE 11 () (LTS) (JDK 11) (September ): Extended to lambda expression. Standardize HTTP client in . Support TLS Clean up the JDK and the installation package (removed JavaFX, JavaEE, CORBA modules, deprecated Nashorn JavaScript engine). OracleJDK is no longer free for commercial use, but OpenJDK is still free. See "JDK 11 New Features".
14. Java SE 12 () (JDK 12) (March ): Switch Expression (preview). See "JDK 12 New Features".
15. Java SE 13 () (JDK 13) (September ): Switch Expression (preview), Multi-line Text Block (preview). See "JDK 13 New Features".
16. Java SE 14 () (JDK 14) (March ): Records (preview)

How To Install JDK on Windows

Step 0: Un-Install Older Version(s) of JDK/JRE

I recommend that you install only the latest JDK. Although you can install multiple versions of JDK/JRE concurrently, it is messy.

If you have previously installed older version(s) of JDK/JRE, un-install ALL of them. Goto "Control Panel" ⇒ (optional) "Programs" ⇒ "Programs and Features" ⇒ Un-install ALL programs begin with "Java", such as "Java SE Development Kit ", "Java SE Runtime ", "Java X Update ", and etc.

Step 1: Download JDK

1. Goto Java SE download site @ www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar
2. Under "Java Platform, Standard Edition" ⇒ "Java SE {x}", where {x} denotes a fast running security-update number ⇒ Click the "Oracle JDK Download" button.
3. Under "Java SE Development Kit {x}" ⇒ Check "Accept License Agreement".
4. Choose the JDK for your operating system, i.e., "Windows". Download the "exe" installer (e.g., "" - about MB).

Step 2: Install JDK

Run the downloaded installer (e.g., ""), which installs both the JDK and JRE.

By default, JDK is installed in directory "", where denotes the update number. Accept the defaults and follow the screen instructions to install JDK.

Use your "File Explorer", navigate to to inspect the sub-directories. Take note of your JDK installed directory, in particular, the update number , which you will need in the next step.

I shall refer to the JDK installed directory as , hereafter, in this article.

Step 3: Include JDK's "bin" Directory in the PATH

Windows' Command Prompt () searches the current directory and the directories listed in the environment variable (or system variable) for executable programs. JDK's programs (such as Java compiler " and Java runtime ") reside in the sub-directory "" of the JDK installed directory. You need to include JDK's "" in the to run the JDK programs.

To edit the environment variable in Windows

1. Launch "Control Panel" ⇒ (Optional) "System and Security" ⇒ "System" ⇒ Click "Advanced system settings" on the left pane.
2. Switch to "Advanced" tab ⇒ Click "Environment Variables" button.
3. Under "System Variables" (the bottom pane), scroll down to select variable "Path" ⇒ Click "Edit".
4. For Newer Windows 10:
   You shall see a TABLE listing all the existing PATH entries (if not, goto next step). Click "New" ⇒ Click "Browse" and navigate to your JDK's "" directory, i.e., "", where is your installation update number ⇒ Select "Move Up" to move this entry all the way to the TOP.
5. For Older Windows 10 (Time to change your computer!):
   (CAUTION: Read this paragraph 3 times before doing this step! Don't push "Apply" or "OK" until you are % sure. There is no UNDO!!!)
   (To be SAFE, copy the content of the "Variable value" to Notepad before changing it!!!)
   In "Variable value" field, APPEND "" (where is your installation update number) IN FRONT of all the existing directories, followed by a semi-colon () to separate the JDK's bin directory from the rest of the existing directories. DO NOT DELETE any existing entries; otherwise, some existing applications may not run. Variable name : PATH Variable value : c:\Program Files\Java\jdk{x}\bin;[do not delete exiting entries]

Note: If you have started CMD, you need to re-start for the new environment settings to take effect.

Step 4: Verify the JDK Installation

Launch a via one of the following means:

1. Click "Search" button ⇒ Type "cmd" ⇒ Choose "Command Prompt", or
2. Right-click "Start" button ⇒ run ⇒ enter "cmd", or
3. Click "Start" button ⇒ Windows System ⇒ Command Prompt

Issue the following commands to verify your JDK installation:

1. Issue "" command to list the contents of the environment variable. Check to make sure that your JDK's "" is listed in the . pathPATH=c:\Program Files\Java\jdk{x}\bin;other entries
2. Issue the following commands to verify that JDK/JRE are properly installed and display their version: // Display the JDK versionjavac -versionjavac // Display the JRE versionjava -versionjava version "" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build +9) Java HotSpot(TM) Bit Server VM (build +9, mixed mode, sharing)

Step 5: Write a Hello-World Java Program

1. Create a directory to keep your works, e.g., "" or "". Do NOT save your works in "Desktop" or "Documents" as they are hard to locate. The directory name shall not contain blank or special characters. Use meaningful but short name as it is easier to type.
2. Launch a programming text editor (such as TextPad, NotePad++, Sublime Text, Atom). Begin with a new file and enter the following source code. Save the file as "", under your work directory (e.g., ). /* * First Java program to say Hello */ public class Hello { // Save as "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" under "d:\myProject" public static void main(String[] args) { www.cronistalascolonias.com.arn("Hello, world!"); } }

Step 6: Compile and Run the Hello-World Java Program

To compile the source code "":

1. Start a CMD Shell (Search ⇒ enter "cmd" ⇒ select "Command Prompt").
2. Set the Current Drive to the drive where you saved your source file "".
   If you use drive "c", skip this step.
   Else if you use drive "", enter "" as follow: d:D:\xxx>
3. Set the Current Working Directory to the directory that you saved your source file via the (Change Directory) command. For example, suppose that your source file is saved in directory "".
   cd \myProjectD:\myProject>
4. Issue a (List Directory) command to confirm that your source file is present in the current directory. dir xx-xxx-xx xx:xx PM www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar
5. Invoke the JDK compiler "" to compile the source code "". javac www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar// If error message appears, correct your source code and re-compile The compilation is successful if the command prompt returns. Otherwise, error messages would be shown. Correct the errors in your source file and re-compile. Check "Common JDK Installation Errors", if you encounter problem compiling your program.
6. The output of the compilation is a Java class called "". Issue a (List Directory) command again to check for the output. dir xx-xxx-xx xx:xx PM www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar xx-xxx-xx xx:xx PM www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar

To run the program, invoke the Java Runtime "":

Everything that can possibly go wrong will go wrong: Read "JDK Installation Common Errors".

Step 7: (For Advanced Users Only) JDK's Source Code

Source code for JDK is provided and kept in "" (or "" prior to JDK 9). I strongly recommend that you to go through some of the source files such as "", "", and "", under "", to learn how experts program.

How to Install JDK on macOS

Step 1: Check if JDK has been Pre-Installed

To check if JDK has been installed, open a "Terminal" (Search "Terminal"; or Finder ⇒ Go ⇒ Utilities ⇒ Terminal) and issue this command:

• If a JDK version number is returned (e.g., ), then JDK has already been installed. If the JDK version is prior to , proceed to Step 2 to install the latest JDK; otherwise, proceed to "Step 3: Write a Hello-world Java program".
• If message "command not found" appears, JDK is NOT installed. Proceed to the "Step 2: Install JDK".
• If message "To open javac, you need a Java runtime" appears, select "Install" and follow the instructions to install JDK. Then, proceed to "Step 3: Write a Hello-world Java program".

Step 2: Download JDK

1. Goto Java SE download site @ www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar
2. Under "Java Platform, Standard Edition" ⇒ "Java SE {x}", where {x} denotes a fast running security-update number ⇒ Click the "Oracle JDK" "Download" button.
3. Under "Java SE Development Kit {x}" ⇒ Check "Accept License Agreement".
4. Choose the JDK for your operating platform, i.e., macOS. Download the DMG installer (e.g, - about MB).

Step 3: Install JDK/JRE

1. Double-click the downloaded Disk Image (DMG) file. Follow the screen instructions to install JDK/JRE.
2. Eject the DMG file.
3. To verify your installation, open a "Terminal" and issue these commands. // Display the JDK versionjavac -versionjavac {x}// Display the JRE versionjava -versionjava version "{x}" // Display the location of Java Compilerwhich javac/usr/bin/javac// Display the location of Java Runtimewhich java/usr/bin/java

Step 3: Write a Hello-World Java Program

1. Create a directory called "" under your home directory (Launch "Finder" ⇒ "Go" ⇒ "Home"; Select "File" ⇒ "New Folder" ⇒ "").
   In macOS, the home directory of the current user can be referenced as "". Hence, this new directory can be referenced as "".
2. Use a programming text editor (such as Sublime Text or Atom) to input the following source code and save as "" under the directory "".
   (If you use macOS's default text editor "TextEdit" (NOT recommended), you need to open a new file ⇒ choose "Format" ⇒ "Make Plain Text" ⇒ Enter the source code ⇒ Save as "".) /* * My First Java program to say Hello */ public class Hello { // Save as "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" under "~/myProject" public static void main(String[] args) { www.cronistalascolonias.com.arn("Hello, world from Mac!"); } }

Step 4: Compile and Run the Hello-World Java Program

1. To compile the source code "", open a new "Terminal" ("Go" ⇒ "Utilities" ⇒ "Terminal") and issue these commands (as illustrated): // Change Directory (cd) to where "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" residescd ~/myProject// Check if "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" exists using list (ls) commandlswww.cronistalascolonias.com.ar // Compile "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" using JDK compiler "javac"javac www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar// If error message appears, correct your source code and re-compile// Check for the compiled output "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar"lswww.cronistalascolonias.com.ar www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar
2. To run the Hello-world, invoke the Java Runtime "" as follows: java HelloHello, world from Mac!

How to Install JDK on Ubuntu

There are several JDK implementations available for Linux, such as Oracle JDK, OpenJDK, Sun JDK, IBM JDK and GNU Java Compiler. We shall choose the Oracle JDK 8. Ubuntu chooses OpenJDK as its default JDK, which is not % compatible with Oracle JDK.

Step 0: Check if JDK has already been Installed

Open a Terminal and issue this command:

If a JDK version number (e.g., "") appears, JDK has already been installed. You can skip the installation and goto step 2.

To remove OpenJDK, issue command:

Step 1: Download and Install JDK

1. Goto JDK (Java SE) download site @ www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar Under "Java Platform, Standard Edition" ⇒ "Java SE {x}" ⇒ Click JDK's "Download" ⇒ Under "Java SE Development Kit {x}" ⇒ Check "Accept License Agreement" ⇒ Select "Linux", "" package, (e.g., "" - MB).
   The tarball will be downloaded in directory "", by default.
2. We shall install JDK under "" (or Ubuntu's default JDK directory ; or ). First, create a directory "" under "". Open a Terminal and issue these commands: $ cd /usr/local $ sudo mkdir java Extract the downloaded package (Check your downloaded filename!) $ cd /usr/local/java $ sudo tar xzvf ~/Downloads/jdk{x}-linux-x64_www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar// x: extract, z: for unzipping gz, v: verbose, f: filename JDK shall be extracted in a folder "", where is the update number.
3. Inform the Ubuntu to use this JDK/JRE: // Setup the location of java, javac and javaws $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/java" 1// --install symlink name path priority $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/javac" 1 $ sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/javaws" 1// Use this Oracle JDK/JRE as the default $ sudo update-alternatives --set java /usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/java// --set name path $ sudo update-alternatives --set javac /usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/javac $ sudo update-alternatives --set javaws /usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/javaws The above steps set up symlinks , , at (which is in the PATH), that link to and then to JDK bin directory.
   The "alternatives" system aims to resolve the situation where several programs fulfilling the same function (e.g., different version of JDKs). It sets up symlinks thru to refer to the actual programs to be used.
   $ ls -ld /usr/bin/java*lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root xx xxx xx xx:xx /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root xx xxx xx xx:xx /usr/bin/javac -> /etc/alternatives/javac lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root xx xxx xx xx:xx /usr/bin/javaws -> /etc/alternatives/javaws $ ls -ld /etc/alternatives/java*lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root xx xxx xx xx:xx /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/java lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root xx xxx xx xx:xx /etc/alternatives/javac -> /usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/javac lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root xx xxx xx xx:xx /etc/alternatives/javaws -> /usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin/javaws Alternatively, you can include the JDK's bin and JRE's bin into the PATH directly.
4. To verify the JDK installation, issue these commands: // Show the Java Compiler (javac) version $ javac -versionjavac {x}// Show the Java Runtime (java) version $ java -versionjava version "{x}" // Show the location of javac and java $ which javac/usr/bin/javac $ which java/usr/bin/java
5. [Don't Do this step - It is taken care by "alternative" in Step 3. Keep here to show you how to set PATH.]
   Add JDK's binary directory ("") to the "PATH" by editing "": $ cd /etc $ gksudo gedit profile// OR "sudo nano profile" to use the console-based nano editor Add these lines at the end of the file "", replace "" with the actual number: export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk{x} export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH Rerun the configuration file by: // Refresh $ source /etc/profile// Check the new settings for JAVA_HOME and PATH $ echo $JAVA_HOME/usr/local/java/jdk{x} $ echo $PATH/usr/local/java/jdk{x}/bin

Step 2: Compile and Run a Hello-world Java Program

1. File Explorer ⇒ Home ⇒ Create a new folder called "" to keep our works.
2. Open "Text Editor" (gedit). Enter the following source code and save as "" under the "" directory created earlier. public class Hello { // To save as "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" under "~/myProject" public static void main(String[] args) { www.cronistalascolonias.com.arn("Hello, world from Ubuntu!"); } }
3. To compile the Hello-world Java program, launch a Terminal and issue these commands: // Change directory to where the source code resides $ cd ~/myProject// List the contents of current directory. Check for "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" $ ls www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar // Compile "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" into "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" $ javac www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar// Check for "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" $ ls www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar
4. Run the Hello-world Java program: // Run "www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar" $ java HelloHello, world from Ubuntu!

Source-Code Editors & IDEs for Java Programming

Eclipse IDE

1. You need to first install Eclipse. Read "How to Install Eclipse".
2. You can then proceed to write your first Java program. Read "Writing your first Java Program with Eclipse".
3. Eclipse allow you to debug program graphically. Read "Debugging program in Eclipse".

NetBeans IDE

1. You need to first install NetBeans. Read "How to Install NetBeans".
2. You can then proceed to write your first Java program. Read "Writing your first Java program with NetBeans".
3. NetBeans allow you to debug program graphically. Read "Debugging program in NetBeans".

Visual Studio (VS) Code IDE

Click HERE, look for "VS Code for Java Programming"

Sublime Text (for Windows, macOS, Linux)

Click HERE, look for "Sublime Text for Java Programming"

Atom (for Windows, macOS, Linux)

[TODO]

TextPad (for Windows only)

Click HERE, look for "TextPad for Java Programming".

NotePad++ (for Windows only)

Click HERE, look for "NotePad++ for Java Programming".

(JDK 11) Launch Single-Source-File New Feature

From JDK 11, you can compile/run a single-file program in one step, without explicit compilation.

1. Write a "" (see previous section).
2. Delete "", if it exists.
3. You can compile/run "" in one command as follows: // Change directory to the directory containing www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar Compile and Runjava www.cronistalascolonias.com.arHello, world!

Notes:

• This is applicable to single source-file only.
• No need to use to compile the program.
• It compiles in memory (without producing a file), and run.
• This feature is introduced for beginners to learn Java, and for professionals to test a Java feature.
• The filename and classname need not be the same.

How To Set JAVA_HOME Environment Variable

Many Java applications (such as Tomcat) require the environment variable to be set to the JDK installed directory.

See "How to set JAVA_HOME for Windows" or "How to set JAVA_HOME for macOS/Linux".

Common Errors in installing JDK

(Advanced) External JAR Files and Native Libraries

Notes: This section is applicable to JDK prior to JDK 9. JDK 9 introduces a new level called "module" on top of package, and "" files for Java modules. Need to revise this section for JDK 9.

External Java packages (such as Servlet, MySQL Connector/J, JOGL, JUnit) are often distributed in JAR files (Java Archive - a single-file package of many Java classes), with possibly Native Libraries ("" and "" in Windows, or "" and "" in Linux/macOS).

External JAR Files (".jar")

If external JAR files are not properly included:

• During the compilation, you will receive compilation error "cannot find symbol" on classes belonging to the external packages.
• During execution, you will get a runtime error "Could not find or load main class xxx" or "".

To include external JAR files, you can either:

1. Copy all the JAR files of the external packages to the Java's Extension Directories (NOT applicable to JDK 9).
   • For Windows, the JDK extension directory is located at "" (e.g., "").
   • For macOS, the JDK extension directories are "" and "".
   • For Ubuntu, the JDK extension directories are "" (e.g., "") and "".
   The location of JDK's extension directories is kept in Java's System Property "". You can print its contents via .
2. You can also include all the JAR files in the environment variable. may contain directories (of Java classes) or JAR files (single-file archive of Java classes). If you set the , you must also include the current directory (denoted as "").
   • For Windows, set the in Control Panel ⇒ System ⇒ Advanced system settings ⇒ Advanced ⇒ Environment Variables ⇒ System Variables ⇒ New ⇒ In "Variable name", enter "" ⇒ In "Variable value", enter "", where the entries are separated by a semi-colon ().
   • For Linux and macOS: Edit or (or for system-wide setting) to include the following line at the end of the file: export CLASSPATH=.:path1/xxx.jar:path2/yyy.jar The entries are separated by colon ().
3. You can also set the in the / command-line via the option (or ), for example, // For Windows// Compile Java source code javac -cp .;path1\xxx.jar;path2\yyy.jarClassName.java // Run Java class java -cp .;path1\xxx.jar;path2\yyy.jarClassName// For macOS and Ubuntu // Compile Java source code javac -cp .:path1/xxx.jar:path2/yyy.jarClassName.java // Run Java class java -cp .:path1/xxx.jar:path2/yyy.jarClassName

External Native Libraries (".lib", ".dll", ".a", ".so")

Some external package may provide static or shared native libraries in the form of "" (Windows' static LIBrary), "" (Windows' Dynamically Link Library), "" (Unix's static (Archive) library), or "" (Unix's Shared Object library).

Native Libraries are to be kept in a directory accessible via JRE's Property "", which normally but not necessarily includes all the directories in the environment variable.

Native libraries are not involved in the compilation. But if they are not properly included during runtime time, you will get a runtime error "".

To include external native libraries:

1. Copy the native libraries into a system library directory, e.g., (Windows), or (macOS / Unix). You can verify that the directory is included in Java's System Property "", via .
2. You can also set the native library path via the 's command-line option , for example, // Run a Java program java www.cronistalascolonias.com.ar=xxxClassName

Eclipse/NetBeans

Using an IDE can greatly simplifies inclusion of external packages. Read "Eclipse How-To" or "NetBeans How-To".

Latest version tested: JDK
Last modified: January,